There is a growing body of knowledge surrounding the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of children and adolescents with mental illnesses. With this growing evidence base, awareness of recent research and its application in clinical practice is essential to insure the highest quality of care. This Institute provides practical, usable information on the use of psychotropic medications primary care clinicians can implement in their practices. Included are discussions of pediatric psychopharmacology in the treatment of ADHD, depression, and anxiety disorders, with discussion focusing on medication selection, initiation, titration, and management. In addition, management of medications used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, pervasive developmental disorders, and aggression are addressed. Brief vignettes are utilized to provide examples of application of the information and stimulate discussion.