The great advances in understanding the development of brain structure and function made during the “decade of the brain” have significantly increased the knowledge base required to practice child and adolescent psychiatry. This Institute provides comprehensive information about the interface between neurology and psychiatry in light of recent basic science and clinical findings, and provides information relevant to the complex, comprehensive assessment of children with neuropsychiatric disorders. Presentations provide an overview of brain regions and neural networks relevant to psychiatric disorders, executive function, memory, and language; neuropsychology domains; indications for referral; testing; and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. Then, the latest research on comorbidites, neuropsycholgy, and neuroimaging is discussed in relation to pediatric epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis. The closing multidisciplinary clinical discussion of a complex pediatric case enhances the child and adolescent psychiatrist’s ability and confidence to diagnose and treat such children.