Language and learning disorders are highly prevalent and often comorbid with other Axis I psychiatric disorders. Recent developments in our understanding of these disorders and pending changes in the Diagnostic Classification system have important implications for our approach to diagnosis and treatment. Familiarity with the characteristics, comorbidities, diagnostic criteria, and assessment and intervention methods used to address these disorders enhance the child and adolescent psychiatrist’s ability to collaborate with professionals who treat communication and learning problems in children; and to contribute to accurate diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. An introductory talk on the importance of language and literacy development lays the groundwork for a comprehensive overview of the neurobiological underpinnings involved in reading acquisition; followed by case vignettes illustrating clinical assessment of language and learning disorders and emphasizing a clinical approach to identification and treatment. At the end of this Institute, participants have up-to-date information on the diagnosis and treatment of language and learning disorders, including the neurobiological basis, comorbidities, and long-term outcomes.