Although there is limited research on complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAM) treatments in children and adolescents, these treatments are widely used by parents with children with mental health issues, especially ADHD and autism; sometimes with consequences. The child and adolescent psychiatrist must have a comprehensive understanding of the safety/risk, efficacy, and appropriateness of these CAM treatments and their interactions with conventional treatment. Many families expect clinicians to discuss CAM treatments alongside conventional treatments, and if clinicians cannot talk with parents in a knowledgeable way about CAM, parents may abandon conventional treatment altogether. Unfortunately, few child and adolescent psychiatrists talk with their patients about CAM because their knowledge base is limited. This Institute addresses this professional knowledge gap. A systemic review of research explores the issues and the legal implications. Current uses and demographic patterns are presented with case studies and needed avenues of research are discussed.